Teri ethanol amine

Triethanolamine, also known as TEA or TEOA, is a viscous organic compound consisting of a tertiary amine and a triol. A triol is a molecule with three alcohol groups, which is a colorless liquid compound, although some samples may appear yellow due to impurities

:Triethanolamine formula
The formula of triethanolamine is C6H15NO3. Triethanolamine is an organic substance from the group of nitrogenous and oxygenated hydrocarbons. Triethanolamine acts as a weak base like other amines that have a pair of electrons on nitrogen
Triethanolamine is produced from the reaction of ethylene oxide with aqueous ammonia, ethanolamine and diethanolamine are also produced as a side product in this group. If we change the stoichiometric ratio of the reactants, we can produce different products
Ethanolamine is produced in a reaction process of ethylene oxide with excess ammonia. This extra amount is significant in some cases. Due to the slow reaction of ethylene oxide with ammonia, water is used to speed up this process. Another method is without water. In this method, a catalyst composed of resin or inorganic clay or zeolite is used. Both reaction methods occur in the aqueous phase. The pressure of the reactant is so high that it prevents the evaporation of ethylene oxide and ammonia. The usual methods of ammonia concentration in water are from about 50 to 100 percent. Also, its pressure is up to 16 MPa

Other characteristics of triethanolamine
When exposed to light and air, the color of triethanolamine turns brown. By exposure to low temperature, it forms cubic crystals. It can mix with water, acetone and methanol. It is soluble in benzene and ether
Triethanolamine is an amino alcohol. This substance neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions. It also forms salt along with water. This liquid is sometimes incompatible with halogenated organic substances, phenols, acid halides, peroxides, anhydrides. Triethanolamine is obtained from the reaction of aqueous ammonia with ethylene oxide, and diethanolamine is also a side product

How is triethanolamine produced
to produce triethanolamine; Ethylene oxide, ammonia and water are placed in a reactor. At a temperature of 30 to 40 degrees Celsius and with a pressure between 71 and 304 kPa, the condensation reaction takes place. Then a solution of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine is obtained. By removing water at a temperature of 90 to 120 degrees, the material thickens. In the next step, this substance is transferred to 3 vacuum distillation towers.
It is at this stage that according to the boiling point, the final product of ethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine is obtained with a purity of more than 99%. We should note that during the reaction, the production ratio of diethanolamine and triethanolamine will change by changing the ratio of ethylene oxide.

:Applications of triethanolamine (TEA)
In analytical chemistry, triethanolamine TEA can be used as a stationary phase for chromatography. It is good to know that its maximum temperature is 75 degrees Celsius and the solvent is ethanol and methanol, which is used to separate methyl and pyridine substituents. In the analyses, it is used as a mask for the interference of ions
Triethanolamine is mainly used in the manufacture of surfactants such as emulsifiers. It is a common ingredient in formulations used for industrial and consumer products. Triethanolamine neutralizes fatty acids, adjusts and buffers pH, and dissolves oils and other substances that are not completely soluble in water. Triethanol ammonium salts are in some cases more soluble than the alkali metal salts that may be used in other cases and give less alkaline products than the alkali metal hydroxides used to form the salt. Some common products in which triethanolamine is found are cosmetics, sunscreen lotions, laundry detergents, dishwashing liquids, general cleaners, hand sanitizers, polishes, metalworking fluids, paints, hair removal creams. and printing inks. Cutting fluid, antifreeze fluid, rubber industry, oil emulsifier, wax, pesticides, fabric and clothing softener, anti-corrosion additives, lubricants, etc. are used

Cement production
Triethanolamine is also used as an organic additive (0.1% by weight) in cement clinker mill. It facilitates the grinding process by preventing the accumulation and coating of powder on the surface of the balls and the wall of the mill. This material is used as the primary resistance factor in cement and plaster. In addition, this material greatly improves concrete density, anti-permeability and anti-freezing properties

Cosmetics and medicine
A variety of ear diseases and infections are treated with drops containing triethanolamine polypeptide oleate-condensate, such as Cerumenex in the United States. In pharmaceuticals, triethanolamine is the active ingredient in some ear drops that are used to treat hidden earwax. It also acts as a pH balancer in many different cosmetic products, from cleansing creams and lotions, skin lotions, eye gels, moisturizers, shampoos, shaving foams, tea is a relatively strong base: solution 1% has a pH of approximately 10. , while the pH of the skin is less than PH 7, approximately 5.5-6.0. Tea-based cleansing milk-cream emulsions are especially good at
removing makeup

In the laboratory and in amateur photography
Another common application of triethanolamine is as a complexing agent for aluminum ions in aqueous solutions. This reaction is often used to mask such ions prior to complexometric titration with another chelating agent such as EDTA. Triethanolamine is also used in photographic processing (silver halide) as a useful alkaline agent by amateur photographers

What are the advantages and disadvantages of triethanolamine
Triethanolamine is used in the production of agricultural poisons and pesticides, detergents, chemicals, polymers, etc. Among the advantages of triethanolamine, we can mention its reasonable price, limited side effects, the frequency of its production, and the availability of triethanolamine. In the production of cosmetics and detergents, there are many alkaline and acidic compounds. Ethanolamine is used as a substance to neutralize the acidic and alkaline properties. It is also used in adjusting the pH of these compounds
Another advantage of using triethanolamine is its thickness. It is used in making cosmetic creams. Also, due to its stabilizing properties, this material makes the compounds used in a solution maintain their structure and have the required stability in combination with other materials
Besides these advantages, triethanolamine has disadvantages like all chemicals. Among these disadvantages, we can mention the possibility of causing allergy or acne. The same defect that exists in benzofon, petrolatum, parabens, etc., and they cannot be removed from the formula of dishwashing liquid, sun creams, health and therapeutic ointments, detergents, etc. So, this problem should be solved by using the right dose. According to extensive research, the appropriate dose of triethanolamine is less than 5%

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